{"id":278069,"date":"2026-11-03T10:59:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T13:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/?p=278069"},"modified":"2026-11-02T16:04:52","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T19:04:52","slug":"nas-profundezas-do-oceano-chamines-negras-liberam-agua-superaquecida-e-alimentam-um-ecossistema-que-sobrevive-sem-luz-do-sol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/2026\/11\/03\/nas-profundezas-do-oceano-chamines-negras-liberam-agua-superaquecida-e-alimentam-um-ecossistema-que-sobrevive-sem-luz-do-sol\/","title":{"rendered":"Nas profundezas do oceano, chamin\u00e9s negras liberam \u00e1gua superaquecida e alimentam um ecossistema que sobrevive sem luz do Sol"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em regi\u00f5es profundas do oceano, <strong>chamin\u00e9s negras<\/strong> lan\u00e7am <strong>\u00e1gua superaquecida<\/strong> entre rochas e animais que nunca recebem a luz do Sol. A paisagem parece incompat\u00edvel com a vida, mas a mistura de minerais e \u00e1gua fria sustenta <strong>comunidades inteiras, com esp\u00e9cies muito distintas<\/strong>, gra\u00e7as \u00e0 <strong>energia de rea\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De onde vem a \u00e1gua quente das chamin\u00e9s negras?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nas dorsais oce\u00e2nicas, placas tect\u00f4nicas se afastam e abrem <strong>fissuras na crosta<\/strong>. A \u00e1gua do mar penetra nas rochas, aquece em profundidade e retorna carregada de <strong>subst\u00e2ncias dissolvidas<\/strong>. Essas sa\u00eddas s\u00e3o chamadas de <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/vents.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>fontes hidrotermais<\/strong><\/a> e tamb\u00e9m existem em outras \u00e1reas vulc\u00e2nicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando o fluido encontra a \u00e1gua fria, part\u00edculas de <strong>sulfetos met\u00e1licos<\/strong> formam a pluma escura. Minerais solidificados constroem <strong>paredes e torres<\/strong> ao redor da abertura. A apar\u00eancia de fuma\u00e7a n\u00e3o envolve combust\u00e3o: \u00e9 um efeito da <strong>circula\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1gua mineralizada<\/strong> pelo fundo do mar.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Hydrothermal_vent_expelling_blac\u2026_062dfa35-1024x572.jpg\" alt=\"Chamin\u00e9s negras e a vida nas fontes hidrotermais profundas\" class=\"wp-image-278081\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Hydrothermal_vent_expelling_blac\u2026_062dfa35-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Hydrothermal_vent_expelling_blac\u2026_062dfa35-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Hydrothermal_vent_expelling_blac\u2026_062dfa35-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Hydrothermal_vent_expelling_blac\u2026_062dfa35-750x419.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Hydrothermal_vent_expelling_blac\u2026_062dfa35-1140x636.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Hydrothermal_vent_expelling_blac\u2026_062dfa35.jpg 1376w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chamin\u00e9s negras e a vida nas fontes hidrotermais profundas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temperaturas extremas convivem com \u00e1reas habit\u00e1veis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O fluido pode alcan\u00e7ar <strong>cerca de 400 \u00b0C<\/strong> sem ferver como na superf\u00edcie, porque a <strong>enorme press\u00e3o<\/strong> modifica seu comportamento. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whoi.edu\/ocean-learning-hub\/ocean-topics\/how-the-ocean-works\/seafloor-below\/hydrothermal-vents\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>institui\u00e7\u00e3o Woods Hole<\/strong><\/a> diferencia esse jato das regi\u00f5es vizinhas, onde a mistura com \u00e1gua fria cria <strong>condi\u00e7\u00f5es menos extremas<\/strong> para organismos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nem todas as torres t\u00eam plumas escuras. H\u00e1 <strong>chamin\u00e9s claras<\/strong> associadas a outros minerais, como compostos de c\u00e1lcio e b\u00e1rio. A <strong>composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica<\/strong> e a temperatura variam entre campos, formando <strong>pequenas zonas habit\u00e1veis<\/strong> que n\u00e3o correspondem ao interior do jato escaldante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \u00e1gua pode estar quente demais no jato, mas a mistura com o mar cria outras condi\u00e7\u00f5es ao redor. Os <strong>cards a seguir<\/strong> mostram essas diferen\u00e7as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n\n.cmp10-compare{--cmp10-theme:#A7D2ED;--cmp10-theme-soft:#E8F3FA;--cmp10-theme-ink:#193952;--cmp10-heading-ink:#18394E;--cmp10-rule:#7DAED1;--cmp10-card-bg:#F8F7F4;--cmp10-cell-bg:#F8F7F4;--cmp10-ink:#1D2835;--cmp10-muted:#4E5B69;display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:18px 0 26px;padding:4px 3px 10px;color:var(--cmp10-ink);font:normal 16px\/1.4 system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",Arial,sans-serif;isolation:isolate;container-type:inline-size;container-name:cmp10}\n.cmp10-compare,.cmp10-compare *, .cmp10-compare *::before,.cmp10-compare *::after{box-sizing:border-box}\n.cmp10-compare :is(strong,b,span,small){font-family:inherit;letter-spacing:normal}\n.cmp10-compare :is(strong,b){font-weight:750}\n.cmp10-compare 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tr>*:first-child{background:var(--cmp10-theme-soft)!important;color:var(--cmp10-theme-ink)!important}\n.cmp10-compare--t3 .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:first-child::before{background:var(--cmp10-theme)}\n\n.cmp10-compare--t4 .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:not(:first-child){border-left:2px solid var(--cmp10-rule)!important}\n\n.cmp10-compare--t5 .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:last-child{background:var(--cmp10-theme-soft)!important}\n.cmp10-compare--t5 .cmp10-table tbody .cmp10-price{border:1px solid var(--cmp10-rule)}\n\n.cmp10-compare [data-status=\"positivo\"]{--cmp10-status:#24734B}\n.cmp10-compare [data-status=\"negativo\"]{--cmp10-status:#B63838}\n.cmp10-compare .cmp10-fact[data-status]::before{background:var(--cmp10-status)!important;outline-color:var(--cmp10-status)!important}\n.cmp10-compare .cmp10-price[data-status]{background:var(--cmp10-status)!important;color:#fff!important}\n@container cmp10 (max-width:780px){.cmp10-compare .cmp10-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card__title{font-size:18px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table thead th{font-size:11.5px!important;padding:10px 4px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*{font-size:11.8px!important;padding:10px 6px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:first-child{font-size:12.5px!important;padding-left:14px!important}}\n@container cmp10 (max-width:560px){.cmp10-compare .cmp10-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card{min-height:0}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card__top{min-height:66px}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card__facts{min-height:110px;padding:13px 14px}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card__foot{min-height:34px}.cmp10-compare--c5 .cmp10-card{min-height:0;grid-template-columns:minmax(98px,.9fr) minmax(0,1.5fr)}.cmp10-compare--c5 .cmp10-card__top{min-height:146px}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table{display:table!important;width:100%!important;table-layout:fixed!important;border-spacing:0 5px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table thead{display:table-header-group!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr{display:table-row!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table thead th{display:table-cell!important;font-size:clamp(9px,2.8cqi,11px)!important;padding:9px 2px!important;white-space:normal!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*{display:table-cell!important;font-size:clamp(9px,2.8cqi,11px)!important;padding:8px 3px!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:first-child{font-size:clamp(10px,3.1cqi,12px)!important;padding-left:11px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody th::before{width:3px;left:3px}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table .cmp10-price{font-size:inherit!important;padding:4px 3px!important}}\n@container cmp10 (max-width:340px){.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*{font-size:9px!important;padding:7px 2px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:first-child{font-size:10px!important;padding-left:9px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table thead th{font-size:9px!important;padding:7px 2px!important}}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card{transition:none!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card:hover{transform:none!important}}\n\n<\/style>\n<section aria-label=\"Comparativo de informa\u00e7\u00f5es\" class=\"google-auto-ads-ignore cmp10-compare cmp10-compare--c4\" data-kind=\"cards\" role=\"region\" data-palette=\"azul-claro\" data-surface=\"offwhite\" style=\"--cmp10-theme:#A7D2ED;--cmp10-theme-soft:#E8F3FA;--cmp10-theme-ink:#193952\">\n<div class=\"cmp10-grid\" role=\"list\">\n<article aria-label=\"Informa\u00e7\u00e3o comparativa\" class=\"cmp10-card cmp10-card--lite\" role=\"listitem\">\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__top\"><strong class=\"cmp10-card__title\">Jato negro<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__facts\"><div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">Fluxo t\u00edpico perto de 350 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">Metais v\u00eam da crosta aquecida.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">A pluma cont\u00e9m sulfetos finos.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__foot\"><strong class=\"cmp10-price\">Sa\u00edda concentrada<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article aria-label=\"Informa\u00e7\u00e3o comparativa\" class=\"cmp10-card cmp10-card--plus\" role=\"listitem\">\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__top\"><strong class=\"cmp10-card__title\">Fluxo difuso<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__facts\"><div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">Mistura ocorre antes da sa\u00edda.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">Surge em fendas e poros.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">Pode escapar sem pluma escura.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__foot\"><strong class=\"cmp10-price\">Menor temperatura<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article aria-label=\"Informa\u00e7\u00e3o comparativa\" class=\"cmp10-card cmp10-card--pro\" role=\"listitem\">\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__top\"><strong class=\"cmp10-card__title\">Constru\u00e7\u00e3o da torre<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__facts\"><div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">Sulfato da \u00e1gua forma anidrita.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">Sulfetos revestem paredes internas.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">A deposi\u00e7\u00e3o pode estreitar canais.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__foot\"><strong class=\"cmp10-price\">Dep\u00f3sito mineral<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article aria-label=\"Informa\u00e7\u00e3o comparativa\" class=\"cmp10-card cmp10-card--best\" role=\"listitem\">\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__top\"><strong class=\"cmp10-card__title\">Entorno habit\u00e1vel<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-card__facts\"><div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">A mistura resfria o fluido rapidamente.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">H\u00e1 locais pr\u00f3ximos de 20 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmp10-fact\"><span class=\"cmp10-fact__text\">A vida usa gradientes qu\u00edmicos.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quem alimenta a vida onde n\u00e3o h\u00e1 luz solar?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Microrganismos usam <strong>energia qu\u00edmica<\/strong> de subst\u00e2ncias como sulfeto de hidrog\u00eanio para produzir <strong>mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica<\/strong>. Esse processo, a <strong>quimioss\u00edntese<\/strong>, sustenta rela\u00e7\u00f5es alimentares locais sem depender de fotoss\u00edntese na escurid\u00e3o do fundo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bact\u00e9rias e arqueias:<\/strong> transformam energia qu\u00edmica em alimento para a comunidade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vermes tub\u00edcolas:<\/strong> certas esp\u00e9cies adultas dependem de micr\u00f3bios nos pr\u00f3prios tecidos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mexilh\u00f5es e camar\u00f5es:<\/strong> podem conviver com bact\u00e9rias parceiras e aproveitar recursos ao redor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Caranguejos:<\/strong> utilizam organismos e alimentos dispon\u00edveis perto das sa\u00eddas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em 1977, pesquisadores encontraram perto das <strong>ilhas Gal\u00e1pagos<\/strong> grandes comunidades associadas a essas fontes. A descoberta revelou uma <strong>cadeia alimentar diferente<\/strong>, mas n\u00e3o demonstra que toda a vida profunda dispense alimentos vindos das <strong>camadas iluminadas<\/strong> do oceano.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Deep-sea_ecology_diagram_with_or\u2026_36c129db-1024x572.jpg\" alt=\"Chamin\u00e9s negras e a vida nas fontes hidrotermais profundas\" class=\"wp-image-278084\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Deep-sea_ecology_diagram_with_or\u2026_36c129db-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Deep-sea_ecology_diagram_with_or\u2026_36c129db-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Deep-sea_ecology_diagram_with_or\u2026_36c129db-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Deep-sea_ecology_diagram_with_or\u2026_36c129db-750x419.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Deep-sea_ecology_diagram_with_or\u2026_36c129db-1140x636.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Deep-sea_ecology_diagram_with_or\u2026_36c129db.jpg 1376w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chamin\u00e9s negras e a vida nas fontes hidrotermais profundas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O oceano profundo re\u00fane outros fen\u00f4menos minerais<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A pesquisa do fundo tamb\u00e9m alcan\u00e7a <strong>dep\u00f3sitos geol\u00f3gicos distintos<\/strong>, como o chamado <a href=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/2025\/04\/14\/conheca-o-gelo-inflamavel-a-nova-fonte-de-energia-em-pesquisa-pela-china\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>gelo inflam\u00e1vel<\/strong><\/a>, composto por hidratos de g\u00e1s em certas condi\u00e7\u00f5es de press\u00e3o. Ele n\u00e3o produz a pluma das chamin\u00e9s: compreender o relevo submarino exige separar <strong>processos de forma\u00e7\u00e3o diferentes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Expedi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0s profundezas registram <a href=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/2026\/10\/14\/pesquisadores-viajam-as-profundezas-do-oceano-e-conseguem-registrar-pela-primeira-vez-na-historia-o-invertebrado-mais-pesado-da-terra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>invertebrados gigantes<\/strong><\/a> em habitats afastados das fontes. Cada comunidade depende de <strong>condi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais pr\u00f3prias<\/strong>; associar toda esp\u00e9cie do mar profundo \u00e0s sa\u00eddas quentes apagaria diferen\u00e7as importantes de <strong>alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nem toda forma\u00e7\u00e3o profunda tem a mesma origem que as chamin\u00e9s. Veja na <strong>tabela a seguir<\/strong> como reconhecer cada fen\u00f4meno:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n\n.cmp10-compare{--cmp10-theme:#A7D2ED;--cmp10-theme-soft:#E8F3FA;--cmp10-theme-ink:#193952;--cmp10-heading-ink:#18394E;--cmp10-rule:#7DAED1;--cmp10-card-bg:#F8F7F4;--cmp10-cell-bg:#F8F7F4;--cmp10-ink:#1D2835;--cmp10-muted:#4E5B69;display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:18px 0 26px;padding:4px 3px 10px;color:var(--cmp10-ink);font:normal 16px\/1.4 system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",Arial,sans-serif;isolation:isolate;container-type:inline-size;container-name:cmp10}\n.cmp10-compare,.cmp10-compare *, .cmp10-compare *::before,.cmp10-compare *::after{box-sizing:border-box}\n.cmp10-compare :is(strong,b,span,small){font-family:inherit;letter-spacing:normal}\n.cmp10-compare :is(strong,b){font-weight:750}\n.cmp10-compare 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tr>*:first-child{background:var(--cmp10-theme-soft)!important;color:var(--cmp10-theme-ink)!important}\n.cmp10-compare--t3 .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:first-child::before{background:var(--cmp10-theme)}\n\n.cmp10-compare--t4 .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:not(:first-child){border-left:2px solid var(--cmp10-rule)!important}\n\n.cmp10-compare--t5 .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:last-child{background:var(--cmp10-theme-soft)!important}\n.cmp10-compare--t5 .cmp10-table tbody .cmp10-price{border:1px solid var(--cmp10-rule)}\n\n.cmp10-compare [data-status=\"positivo\"]{--cmp10-status:#24734B}\n.cmp10-compare [data-status=\"negativo\"]{--cmp10-status:#B63838}\n.cmp10-compare .cmp10-fact[data-status]::before{background:var(--cmp10-status)!important;outline-color:var(--cmp10-status)!important}\n.cmp10-compare .cmp10-price[data-status]{background:var(--cmp10-status)!important;color:#fff!important}\n@container cmp10 (max-width:780px){.cmp10-compare 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5px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table thead{display:table-header-group!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr{display:table-row!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table thead th{display:table-cell!important;font-size:clamp(9px,2.8cqi,11px)!important;padding:9px 2px!important;white-space:normal!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*{display:table-cell!important;font-size:clamp(9px,2.8cqi,11px)!important;padding:8px 3px!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:first-child{font-size:clamp(10px,3.1cqi,12px)!important;padding-left:11px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody th::before{width:3px;left:3px}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table .cmp10-price{font-size:inherit!important;padding:4px 3px!important}}\n@container cmp10 (max-width:340px){.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*{font-size:9px!important;padding:7px 2px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table tbody tr>*:first-child{font-size:10px!important;padding-left:9px!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-table thead th{font-size:9px!important;padding:7px 2px!important}}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card{transition:none!important}.cmp10-compare .cmp10-card:hover{transform:none!important}}\n\n<\/style>\n<section aria-label=\"Comparativo de informa\u00e7\u00f5es\" class=\"google-auto-ads-ignore cmp10-compare cmp10-compare--t4\" data-kind=\"table\" role=\"region\" data-palette=\"azul-claro\" data-surface=\"offwhite\" style=\"--cmp10-theme:#A7D2ED;--cmp10-theme-soft:#E8F3FA;--cmp10-theme-ink:#193952\">\n<div class=\"cmp10-scroll\">\n<table class=\"cmp10-table\">\n<caption class=\"cmp10-sr-only\">Diferen\u00e7as entre fontes hidrotermais, exsuda\u00e7\u00f5es frias e hidratos de g\u00e1s<\/caption>\n<thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Fei\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Origem<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sinal<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th data-label=\"Fei\u00e7\u00e3o\" scope=\"row\">Chamin\u00e9 negra<\/th>\n<td data-label=\"Origem\">Calor magm\u00e1tico<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Material\">Sulfetos<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Sinal\"><strong class=\"cmp10-price\">Pluma escura<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th data-label=\"Fei\u00e7\u00e3o\" scope=\"row\">Exsuda\u00e7\u00e3o fria<\/th>\n<td data-label=\"Origem\">Hidrocarbonetos<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Material\">Metano<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Sinal\"><strong class=\"cmp10-price\">Fluido frio<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th data-label=\"Fei\u00e7\u00e3o\" scope=\"row\">Hidrato de g\u00e1s<\/th>\n<td data-label=\"Origem\">Press\u00e3o e frio<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Material\">G\u00e1s retido<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Sinal\"><strong class=\"cmp10-price\">Cristais no leito<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Como os pesquisadores acompanham um ambiente que muda?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve\u00edculos e sensores medem <strong>temperatura, minerais e movimento<\/strong> de fluidos. Fissuras podem mudar, torres crescer ou desabar e <strong>\u00e1reas de alimento<\/strong> se deslocar. Algumas larvas viajam com as correntes, alcan\u00e7ando <strong>outros campos hidrotermais<\/strong> ao longo do oceano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \u00e1gua tamb\u00e9m transporta <strong>ferro e outros elementos<\/strong>, participando dos <strong>ciclos qu\u00edmicos marinhos<\/strong>. Fotografias mostram a forma das estruturas; amostras permitem analisar como <strong>cada comunidade responde<\/strong> \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as que a geologia provoca.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Black_smoker_hydrothermal_vent_p\u2026_11061bc3-1024x572.jpg\" alt=\"Chamin\u00e9s negras e a vida nas fontes hidrotermais profundas\" class=\"wp-image-278078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Black_smoker_hydrothermal_vent_p\u2026_11061bc3-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Black_smoker_hydrothermal_vent_p\u2026_11061bc3-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Black_smoker_hydrothermal_vent_p\u2026_11061bc3-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Black_smoker_hydrothermal_vent_p\u2026_11061bc3-750x419.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Black_smoker_hydrothermal_vent_p\u2026_11061bc3-1140x636.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Black_smoker_hydrothermal_vent_p\u2026_11061bc3.jpg 1376w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chamin\u00e9s negras e a vida nas fontes hidrotermais profundas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uma cadeia alimentar constru\u00edda pela qu\u00edmica do planeta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Essas chamin\u00e9s mostram que o <strong>calor interno da Terra<\/strong> pode sustentar vida sem luz direta do Sol. O fen\u00f4meno ampliou a compreens\u00e3o das <strong>fontes de energia biol\u00f3gicas<\/strong> e segue importante para investigar a <strong>qu\u00edmica do oceano<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Em regi\u00f5es profundas do oceano, chamin\u00e9s negras lan\u00e7am \u00e1gua superaquecida entre rochas e animais que nunca recebem a luz do Sol. A paisagem parece incompat\u00edvel com a vida, mas a mistura de minerais e \u00e1gua fria sustenta comunidades inteiras, com esp\u00e9cies muito distintas, gra\u00e7as \u00e0 energia de rea\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas. De onde vem a \u00e1gua quente [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":278083,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8819],"tags":[36829,10883,36830,10203],"class_list":["post-278069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curiosidades","tag-fontes-hidrotermais","tag-oceanos","tag-quimiossintese","tag-vida-marinha"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nas profundezas do oceano, chamin\u00e9s negras liberam \u00e1gua superaquecida e alimentam um ecossistema que sobrevive sem luz do Sol - Estado de Minas - Em foco<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chamin\u00e9s negras lan\u00e7am \u00e1gua de at\u00e9 400 \u00b0C no oceano profundo. Como microrganismos alimentam animais onde a luz solar n\u00e3o chega?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/2026\/11\/03\/nas-profundezas-do-oceano-chamines-negras-liberam-agua-superaquecida-e-alimentam-um-ecossistema-que-sobrevive-sem-luz-do-sol\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nas profundezas do oceano, chamin\u00e9s negras liberam \u00e1gua superaquecida e alimentam um ecossistema que sobrevive sem luz do Sol - Estado de Minas - Em foco\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chamin\u00e9s negras lan\u00e7am \u00e1gua de at\u00e9 400 \u00b0C no oceano profundo. Como microrganismos alimentam animais onde a luz solar n\u00e3o chega?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/2026\/11\/03\/nas-profundezas-do-oceano-chamines-negras-liberam-agua-superaquecida-e-alimentam-um-ecossistema-que-sobrevive-sem-luz-do-sol\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Estado de Minas - Em foco\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-11-03T13:59:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.em.com.br\/emfoco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Submersible_sampling_hydrotherma\u2026_4a2f1ea1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1376\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Paulo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Paulo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nas profundezas do oceano, chamin\u00e9s negras liberam \u00e1gua superaquecida e alimentam um ecossistema que sobrevive sem luz do Sol - Estado de Minas - Em foco","description":"Chamin\u00e9s negras lan\u00e7am \u00e1gua de at\u00e9 400 \u00b0C no oceano profundo. 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